Homology and Evolution of avian Compound RHampHotHECaE

نویسنده

  • Tobin L. Hieronymus
چکیده

Résumé.—La topologie d’éléments distincts du revêtement corné complexe des oiseaux est fortement similaire entre différents clades, non seulement dans leur apparence externe mais aussi dans la façon dont ces éléments correspondent aux structures sousjacentes. Nous avons réalisé une étude morphologique de 81 espèces d’oiseaux modernes et testé si les similarités de la morphologie externe du bec étaient reliées à une importante similarité des structures squelettiques associées et des nerfs. Une nouvelle série de caractères morphologiques du revêtement corné complexe a été optimisée sur trois arbres phylogénétiques récents afin d’évaluer les relations d’homologie et d’homoplasie de la morphologie du revêtement corné. Les corrélations ostéologiques du revêtement corné de Hesperornis et Ichthyornis, des oiseaux ornithurines éteints, montrent que les revêtements cornés complexes correspondent à l’état primitif du clade comprenant les oiseaux modernes (Néornithes). Les revêtements cornés simples sont le résultat de la perte de rainures de kératine plus molles entre les composantes du revêtement corné. Il existe de nombreuses formes de transition entre des revêtements cornés simples et complexes, pour lesquelles les rainures demeurent des dépressions peu profondes sans rebord prononcé. Des reconstructions des caractères morphologiques ancestraux du revêtement corné de Néornithes présentent aussi beaucoup d’homoplasie. Nous suggérons qu’une homoplasie fréquente de la morphologie du revêtement corné résulte d’une similarité sousjacente du développement facial.

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تاریخ انتشار 2010